Chapter 2

IaaS, PaaS & SaaS

Who manages what — responsibility matrix.

Learning objectives

  • Define IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS with clear responsibility boundaries
  • Map Workshop Co. services to the correct layer
  • Choose the right model for new projects

The three service models

Think of a stack from hardware up to application. Each cloud model sells a higher layer — you manage less, the provider manages more.

ModelYou manageProvider managesExample
IaaSOS, apps, data, patchingHardware, hypervisor, network fabricSwift Host VPS, AWS EC2
PaaSApp code, data configRuntime, OS patches, scaling platformHeroku, Fly.io, Azure App Service
SaaSUsers, content, settingsEntire applicationGoogle Workspace, Calendly

Worked example — Workshop Co. stack

  • SaaS: @workshopco.ca email (Google), class scheduling (Calendly), newsletters (Mailchimp)
  • IaaS: Swift Host VPS in Montreal for DR; Proxmox VMs in Edmonton (self-hosted IaaS — you own the "I" layer too)
  • PaaS (hypothetical): Rebuild booking app on a managed PHP platform — Marcus uploads code, platform handles PHP version and TLS certs
On-prem is still IaaS mindset

Workshop Co.'s basement Proxmox is not "cloud" in the billing sense, but operationally Marcus does the same work as an IaaS customer: patch OS, monitor disk, schedule backups.

Responsibility shift diagram

IaaS

You: everything above hypervisor

PaaS

You: app + data; they run containers/PHP/Node

SaaS

You: configuration; they run Gmail/CRM

When to choose each

ChooseWhen
SaaSCommodity need (email, accounting) — not core IP
PaaSCustom app, small team, no sysadmin time
IaaSFull control, existing VM skills, compliance needs custom stack

Try it yourself

Workshop Co. wants online payments integrated into their custom booking app. Classify these options:

  1. Stripe Checkout (hosted payment page)
  2. Self-hosted booking on Swift Host VPS with Stripe API
  3. Managed database add-on from hosting provider
Answers
  1. SaaS — Stripe hosts payment UI and PCI scope
  2. IaaS — you manage VM and app; Stripe is SaaS API
  3. PaaS — provider runs PostgreSQL; you manage schema and queries

Check your understanding

  1. Is Google Workspace IaaS?
  2. Who patches the Linux kernel on a Swift Host VPS?
Answers
  1. No — it is SaaS. You do not SSH into Gmail's servers.
  2. You do (Marcus) — classic IaaS responsibility.